Scientists in Germany claim to have created a nasal vaccine that can effectively shut down Covid-19 infections by targeting the initial entry point of the virus in the upper airways. The new vaccine, which utilizes a weakened but live form of the coronavirus, has shown promising results in hamster studies, achieving "sterilizing immunity" and preventing illness.
In these animal trials, two doses of the nasal vaccine demonstrated superior performance over other vaccines tested in the same study, including mRNA-based and adenovirus-based options. Researchers believe that the live but weakened form of the virus closely mimics a natural infection process, resulting in a more effective immune response.
The German team's approach takes cues from an ancient idea in vaccine development: weakening a virus to render it harmless while allowing the immune system to recognize and fight it off. This technique, known as codon pair deoptimization, makes the virus harder for cells to translate, rendering it non-infectious without causing illness.
While these results are encouraging, experts caution that the vaccine still requires further testing before human trials can begin. However, the progress made by this team is a welcome development in an ongoing pandemic that continues to affect hundreds of Americans daily.
Four nasal vaccines for Covid-19 have already reached late-stage testing in humans, according to the World Health Organization's vaccine tracker. These include vaccines utilizing harmless adenoviruses and others using live but weakened forms of the virus, such as the one developed by Codagenix.
However, researchers warn that respiratory infections can be challenging targets for inhaled vaccines, particularly due to the potential risks associated with live viruses. As one expert noted, fluMist, a similar vaccine approach, has shown promise in children but less effectiveness in adults.
The development of effective nasal vaccines remains crucial in combating Covid-19, especially considering the ongoing risk posed by new variants and the need for long-lasting immune protection.
In these animal trials, two doses of the nasal vaccine demonstrated superior performance over other vaccines tested in the same study, including mRNA-based and adenovirus-based options. Researchers believe that the live but weakened form of the virus closely mimics a natural infection process, resulting in a more effective immune response.
The German team's approach takes cues from an ancient idea in vaccine development: weakening a virus to render it harmless while allowing the immune system to recognize and fight it off. This technique, known as codon pair deoptimization, makes the virus harder for cells to translate, rendering it non-infectious without causing illness.
While these results are encouraging, experts caution that the vaccine still requires further testing before human trials can begin. However, the progress made by this team is a welcome development in an ongoing pandemic that continues to affect hundreds of Americans daily.
Four nasal vaccines for Covid-19 have already reached late-stage testing in humans, according to the World Health Organization's vaccine tracker. These include vaccines utilizing harmless adenoviruses and others using live but weakened forms of the virus, such as the one developed by Codagenix.
However, researchers warn that respiratory infections can be challenging targets for inhaled vaccines, particularly due to the potential risks associated with live viruses. As one expert noted, fluMist, a similar vaccine approach, has shown promise in children but less effectiveness in adults.
The development of effective nasal vaccines remains crucial in combating Covid-19, especially considering the ongoing risk posed by new variants and the need for long-lasting immune protection.