The Shadow of Franklin’s Prejudice

In recent years, Germany has undergone a remarkable transformation from an emigration to an immigration destination. Yet, this shift is often discussed without reference to the historical context that underpins it. Benjamin Franklin, one of America’s Founding Fathers, once vilified German immigrants for refusing to integrate, echoing sentiments eerily similar to those expressed by modern-day right-wing populists.

Franklin’s views were not unique in their time. Throughout history, the pursuit of happiness and a better life has driven countless migrations. What is often forgotten is that even Franklin, who helped draft the American Declaration of Independence, was party to this trend. In his lifetime, only around 150,000 Germans successfully made the journey to America, facing grueling sea voyages and being auctioned off as bonded laborers upon arrival.

In contrast, Catherine the Great actively courted German immigrants in Russia, promising them land, free transport, and special status. Her invitation had a significant impact, with around 6 million Germans eventually making their way to the New World. This wave of emigration was not unique to Germany; between the 19th century and World War I, an estimated 60 million Europeans left their homes.

As Europe shifted from being a land of emigrants to one of immigrants in mid-20th century, West Germany began attracting workers from across the Mediterranean. By the time the ban on recruiting foreign labor came into force in 1973, around 14 million people had arrived as “guest workers,” with many staying permanently.

Today, Germany continues to grapple with its identity as an immigration country, despite having over 30% of its population with a migrant background. Many third- and fourth-generation citizens still struggle to feel like they belong due to the societal perspective that views migrants as temporary outsiders rather than integral members of society.

Germany’s recent efforts to attract skilled workers while maintaining strict asylum policies for refugees raise important questions about who is welcome in Germany and why, according to migration researcher Jochen Oltmer. This dichotomy speaks to the very fabric of German society and is not simply a matter of numbers or economic statistics.

The legacy of Franklin’s prejudice serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing struggle to balance integration with diversity. As Germany continues on its path toward becoming a more multicultural nation, it would do well to examine its past and acknowledge the experiences of those who have come before. Only then can we truly understand what this transformation means for the future of German society.

In a country where the ghosts of history still linger, it’s essential to confront the complexities surrounding migration head-on. By doing so, Germany can forge a path toward greater inclusivity and understanding – one that recognizes the shared humanity of all its citizens, regardless of their background or generation.