What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open-source web-based automation tool that is widely used for testing and automating web applications. Selenium offers a variety of programming languages such as Java, C#, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, and more. Selenium supports all major browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Selenium is widely used in the software industry to ensure the quality and reliability of web applications.
What are Expected Conditions in Selenium?
Expected Conditions are predefined conditions used in Selenium to wait for a specific condition to occur before proceeding further with the script execution. Expected Conditions are used to handle synchronization issues in web applications. Using Expected Conditions in Selenium, we can make the script wait for a specific element to be clickable, visible, or present on the web page. Expected Conditions are widely used in Selenium to handle synchronization issues.
How to use Expected Conditions in Selenium using Python?
To use Expected Conditions in Selenium using Python, we need to first import the expected_conditions module from the Selenium WebDriver support library. We can use the WebDriverWait() method to wait for a specific condition to occur before proceeding further with the script execution. Below is the sample code to use Expected Conditions in Selenium using Python. “` from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(“https://www.example.com”) #Wait for the element to be clickable element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, “element-id”))) #Click on the element element.click() #Close the browser driver.quit() “`
Types of Expected Conditions in Selenium using Python
There are various types of Expected Conditions available in Selenium using Python. Some of them are as follows:
1. presence_of_element_located
This Expected Condition checks whether the element is present on the web page or not. If the element is present, then it returns True, else it returns False. “` element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, “element-id”))) “`
2. visibility_of_element_located
This Expected Condition checks whether the element is visible on the web page or not. If the element is visible, then it returns True, else it returns False. “` element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, “element-id”))) “`
3. element_to_be_clickable
This Expected Condition checks whether the element is clickable on the web page or not. If the element is clickable, then it returns True, else it returns False. “` element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, “element-id”))) “`
4. title_contains
This Expected Condition checks whether the web page title contains a specific text or not. If the web page title contains the specific text, then it returns True, else it returns False. “` element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.title_contains(“specific-text”)) “`
Conclusion
In conclusion, Expected Conditions are very useful in Selenium to handle synchronization issues in web applications. Using Expected Conditions in Selenium using Python, we can make the script wait for a specific element to be clickable, visible, or present on the web page. There are various types of Expected Conditions available in Selenium using Python. We can use them based on our requirements. By using Expected Conditions in Selenium, we can ensure the quality and reliability of web applications.